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    @Article{OJIOT_2019v5i1n07_Ramachandran,
        title     = {Towards a Large Scale IoT through Partnership, Incentive, and Services: A Vision, Architecture, and Future Directions},
        author    = {Gowri Sankar Ramachandran and
                     Bhaskar Krishnamachari},
        journal   = {Open Journal of Internet Of Things (OJIOT)},
        issn      = {2364-7108},
        year      = {2019},
        volume    = {5},
        number    = {1},
        pages     = {80--92},
        url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019092919345869785889},
        urn       = {urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019092919345869785889},
        publisher = {RonPub},
        bibsource = {RonPub},
        abstract = {Internet of Things applications has been deployed and managed in a small to a medium scale deployments in industries and small segments of cities in the last decade. These real-world deployments not only helped the researchers and application developers to create protocols, standards, and frameworks but also helped them understand the challenges associated with the maintenance and management of IoT deployments in all kinds of operational environments. Despite the technological advancements and the deployment experiences, the technology failed to create a notable momentum towards large scale IoT applications involving thousands of IoT devices. We argue the reasons behind the lack of large scale deployments and the limitations of contemporary IoT deployment model. In addition, we present an approach involving multiple stakeholders as a means to scale IoT applications to hundreds of devices. Besides, we argue that the partnership, incentive mechanisms, privacy, and security frameworks are the critical factors for large scale IoT deployments of the future.}
    }
    @Article{OJIOT_2020v6i1n10_Ramachandran,
        title     = {ParkingJSON: An Open Standard Format for Parking Data in Smart Cities},
        author    = {Gowri Sankar Ramachandran and
                     Jeremy Stout and
                     Joyce J. Edson and
                     Bhaskar Krishnamachari},
        journal   = {Open Journal of Internet Of Things (OJIOT)},
        issn      = {2364-7108},
        year      = {2020},
        volume    = {6},
        number    = {1},
        pages     = {105--118},
        url       = {https://www.ronpub.com/ojiot/OJIOT_2020v6i1n10_Ramachandran.html},
        publisher = {RonPub},
        bibsource = {RonPub},
        abstract = {Data marketplaces and data management platforms offer a viable solution to build large city-scale Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Contemporary data marketplaces and data management platforms for smart cities such as Intelligent IoT Integrator (I3), Cisco Kinetic, Terbine, and Streamr present a middleware platform to help the data owners to provide their data to the application developers. However, such platforms suffer from adoption issues because of the interoperability concerns that stem from heterogeneous data formats. On the one hand, the IoT devices and the software used by the device owners follow either a custom data standard or a proprietary industrial standard. On the other hand, the application developers consuming data from multiple device owners expect the data to follow one common standard to process the data without developing custom software for each data feed. Therefore, a common data standard is desired to enable interoperable data exchange through data marketplace and data management platforms while promoting adoption. We present our experiences from developing a city-scale real-time parking application for a smart city. We also introduce ParkingJSON, a new open standard format for parking data in smart cities, which could help the parking data providers to cover all types of parking infrastructures through a single JSON schema. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first parking data standard proposed that a) covers a wide range of parking spaces and structures, b) integrates spatial information, and c) provides support for data integrity and authenticity.}
    }