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    @Article{OJIOT_2022v8i1n02_Leon,
        title     = {Development and Evaluation of a Publish/Subscribe IoT Data Sharing Model with LoRaWAN},
        author    = {Juan Leon and
                     Yacoub Hanna and
                     Kemal Akkaya},
        journal   = {Open Journal of Internet Of Things (OJIOT)},
        issn      = {2364-7108},
        year      = {2022},
        volume    = {8},
        number    = {1},
        pages     = {7--19},
        url       = {https://www.ronpub.com/ojiot/OJIOT_2022v8i1n02_Leon.html},
        publisher = {RonPub},
        bibsource = {RonPub},
        abstract = {Publish/subscribe architectures are becoming very common for many IoT environments such as power grid, manufacturing and factory automation. In these architectures, many different communication standards and middleware can be supported to ensure interoperability. One of the widely used publish/subscribe protocol is MQTT where a broker acts among publishers and subscribers to relay data on certain topics. While MQTT can be easily setup on cloud environments to perform research experiments, its large-scale and quick deployment for IoT environments with a widely used wireless MAC layer protocol such as LoRaWAN has not been thoroughly tested. Therefore, in this paper we develop and present a simulation framework in NS-3 to offer MQTT-based on publish/subscribe architecture that can also support LoRaWAN communication standard. To this end, we utilize NS-3's LoRaWAN library and integrate it with a broker that connects to other types of publishers/subscribers. We enable unicast capability from the broker to LoRaWAN end-devices while supporting multiple topics at the broker. We tested several scenarios under this IoT architecture to demonstrate its feasibility while assessing the performance at scale.}
    }